Measure 5 (1990)
Tax Law
A voter-passed Oregon constitutional amendment that capped the maximum property tax rate levied on any property to $5 per $1,000 of real market value for school choices and $10 per $1,000 for general government services.
Read full guide: Financing Your Move to Oregon →
Measure 50 (1997)
Tax Law
The constitutional amendment that established Maximum Assessed Value (MAV) and capped the annual growth of a property's Assessed Value (AV) at 3% per year for existing homes, creating the distinction between Real Market Value and taxable Assessed Value.
Read full guide: Oregon Property Tax Guide →
Urban Growth Boundary (UGB)
Land Use
A statutory boundary line encircling every Oregon city under Senate Bill 100, designating land inside for urban development while zoning surrounding land for exclusive farm use, timberland, or open space.
Read full guide: Urban Growth Boundaries Explained →
Senate Bill 608 (SB 608)
Rent Law
Oregon's statewide rent control law capping annual rent increases for qualifying residential rental properties older than 15 years at 7% plus the regional Consumer Price Index (CPI), alongside strict no-cause eviction restrictions.
Read full guide: Oregon Rent Control Laws (SB 608) →
Pre-Qualification vs. Pre-Approval
Mortgage
Pre-qualification is an informal, unverified estimate of what you might be able to borrow, based on self-reported financial information. Pre-approval is a formal, underwriter-reviewed assessment based on verified income, credit, and assets — it carries far more weight with sellers and should be the goal before house-hunting seriously.
PITI (Principal, Interest, Taxes, Insurance)
Mortgage
Shorthand for the four core components of a typical monthly mortgage payment: loan principal repayment, mortgage interest, property tax escrow, and homeowners insurance escrow. Lenders use PITI, not just principal and interest, to determine what you can afford.
Read full guide: Oregon Mortgage Loans Guide →
Loan-to-Value Ratio (LTV)
Mortgage
The loan amount expressed as a percentage of the home's appraised value. A $360,000 loan on a $400,000 home is a 90% LTV. Lower LTV (bigger down payment) generally means better loan terms and can eliminate the need for mortgage insurance.
DTI (Debt-to-Income Ratio)
Mortgage
The percentage of your gross monthly income required to cover recurring monthly debt payments, including the prospective mortgage. Most conventional lenders cap DTI around 43–45%, though this varies by loan program and Oregon mortgage assistance requirements.
Read full guide: First-Time Homebuyer Qualification →
Private Mortgage Insurance (PMI)
Mortgage
Insurance required on most conventional loans when the down payment is below 20%, protecting the lender (not the borrower) if the loan defaults. PMI can typically be removed once enough home equity is built.
Discount Points
Mortgage
Optional upfront fees paid at closing to reduce the mortgage's interest rate — one point generally costs 1% of the loan amount. Worth evaluating against how long you plan to stay in the home before the monthly interest savings outweigh the upfront cost.
Annual Percentage Rate (APR) vs. Interest Rate
Mortgage
The interest rate reflects only the cost of borrowing the loan principal. APR includes the interest rate plus most lender fees and closing costs, expressed as a yearly rate — APR is the more complete number for comparing loan offers across lenders.
Fixed-Rate vs. Adjustable-Rate Mortgage (ARM)
Mortgage
A fixed-rate loan keeps the same interest rate for the full loan term. An ARM starts with a lower introductory rate that adjusts periodically based on market conditions after an initial fixed period (e.g., a "5/1 ARM" is fixed for 5 years, then adjusts annually).
Earnest Money
Real Estate
A deposit made at the time an offer is accepted, signaling good faith to the seller. It's applied toward the purchase at closing or forfeited if the buyer backs out outside the terms of the sale contract.
Closing Costs
Mortgage
Fees due at closing beyond the down payment — typically 2–5% of the loan amount, covering items like loan origination fees, title insurance, appraisal fees, and county recording fees.
Rate Lock
Mortgage
A lender's commitment to hold a specific interest rate for a set period (commonly 30–60 days) while the loan is processed, protecting the borrower from market rate increases during that window.
Underwriting
Mortgage
The lender's formal review process verifying income, assets, credit, and property value before final loan approval — this is the step between pre-approval and closing where the loan can still be denied or adjusted.
Loan Estimate
Mortgage
A standardized federal disclosure form (required under CFPB rules) that lenders must provide within three business days of a loan application, detailing estimated rate, monthly payment, and closing costs to enable apples-to-apples offer comparisons.
Conventional, FHA, VA, and USDA Loans
Mortgage
The four primary loan categories. Conventional loans are not government-backed and require strong credit. FHA loans are federally insured with lower down payment requirements. VA loans serve eligible military members with zero-down options. USDA loans support eligible rural properties with zero-down financing (relevant to many parts of Oregon outside metro centers).
Cash-to-Close
Mortgage
The total amount a buyer needs at closing, combining the down payment and closing costs, minus any credits — distinct from the down payment alone.
1031 Tax-Deferred Exchange
Tax Strategy
A tax provision under IRS Code Section 1031 allowing real estate investors to defer federal capital gains and Oregon's 9.9% state income tax when selling investment property and reinvesting proceeds into like-kind real estate.
Read full guide: 1031 Exchanges in Oregon →